1,1,1,3,3,3-HEXAMETHYLDISILAZANE, 98%

Aliphatic, fluorinated aliphatic or substituted aromatic hydrocarbon substituents are the hydrophobic entities which enable silanes to induce surface hydrophobicity. The organic substitution of the silane must be non-polar. The hydrophobic effect of the organic substitution can be related to the free energy of transfer of hydrocarbon molecules from an aqueous phase to a homogeneous hydrocarbon phase. A successful hydrophobic coating must eliminate or mitigate hydrogen bonding and shield polar surfaces from interaction with water by creating a non-polar interphase. Although silane and silicone derived coatings are in general the most hydrophobic, they maintain a high degree of permeability to water vapor. This allows coatings to breathe and reduce deterioration at the coating interface associated with entrapped water. Since ions are not transported through non-polar silane and silicone coatings, they offer protection to composite structures ranging from pigmented coatings to rebar reinforced concrete. A selection guide for hydrophobic silanes can be found on pages 22-31 of the Hydrophobicity, Hydrophilicity and Silane Surface Modification brochure.

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a chemically self-limiting deposition technique that is based on the sequential use of a gaseous chemical process. A thin film (as fine as -0.1 Å per cycle) results from repeating the deposition sequence as many times as needed to reach a certain thickness. The major characteristic of the films is the resulting conformality and the controlled deposition manner. Precursor selection is key in ALD processes, namely finding molecules which will have enough reactivity to produce the desired films yet are stable enough to be handled and safely delivered to the reaction chamber.

Used as a protecting group for reactive hydrogens in alcohols, amines, thiols, and carboxylic acids. Organosilanes are hydrogen-like, can be introduced in high yield, and can be removed under selective conditions. They are stable over a wide range of reaction conditions and can be removed in the presence of other functional groups, including other protecting groups. The tolerance of silylated alcohols to chemical transformations summary is presented in Table 1 of the Silicon-Based Blocking Agents brochure.

The cross-coupling reaction is a highly useful methodology for the formation of carbon-carbon bonds. It involves two reagents, with one typically being a suitable organometallic reagent - the nucleophile - and the other a suitable organic substrate, normally an unsaturated halide, tosylate or similar - the electrophile.

Viscosity: 0.90 cSt

Low chloride grade available, SIH6110.1

ΔH_comb: 25,332 kJ/mol

ΔH_vap: 34.7 kJ/mol

Dipole moment: 0.37 debye

Surface tension: 18.2 mN/m

Specific wetting surface: 485 m²/g

Vapor pressure, 50 °C: 50 mm

pKa: 7.55

Dielectric constant: 1000 Hz: 2.27

E_a, reaction w/SiO₂ surface: 73.7 kJ/mole

Releases ammonia upon reaction

Versatile silylation reagent

Treatment of fumed silica renders it hydrophobic

Both trimethylsilyl groups used

Converts acid chlorides and alcohols to amines in a three-component reaction

Reacts with formamide and ketones to form pyrimidines

Silylations catalyzed by SIT8510.0 and other reagents

Nafion SAC-13 has been shown to be a recyclable catalyst for the trimethylsilylation of primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols in excellent yields and short reaction times

Used to convert ketones to α-aminophosphonates

Lithium reagent reacts with aryl chlorides or bromides to provide anilines

Summary of selective deprotection conditions is provided in Table 7 through Table 20 of the Silicon-Based Blocking Agents brochure

Extensive review of silicon based cross-coupling agents: Denmark, S. E. et al. "Organic Reactions, Volume 75" Denmark, S. E. ed., John Wiley and Sons, 233, 2011